Data Types

C++ Programming में दो प्रकार के Data Types होते है |

1. Basic Data Types
2. Derived Data Types

Basic Data Types	Derived Data Types
int (Integer) char (Character) float double void bool(boolean) wchar_t(Wide Character)	Arrays Pointers Structure Unions Enums (Enumerations)

Basic Data Types

1. int (Integer)

• Integer Data Type में variable को declare करने के 'int' keyword का इस्तेमाल करते है |
• Integer Data Type सभी numeric values को store कर सकता है |
• Integer Data Type 2, 4 और 8 bytes के हो सकते है |
• अगर Computer का Processor 16-bit हो तो int का size 2 Bytes होता है |
• अगर Computer का Processor 32-bit हो तो int का size 4 Bytes होता है |
• अगर Computer का Processor 64-bit हो तो int का size 8 Bytes होता है |

Integer Data Types, Storage Size and Range

Data Types	Storage Size	Range
int (16-bit)	2 Bytes	-32,768 to 32,767
int (32-bit)	4 Bytes	-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
int (64-bit)	8 Bytes	-9,223,372,036,854,775,807 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807
unsigned int (16-bit)	2 Bytes	0 to 65,535
short int	2 Bytes	-32,768 to 32,767
unsigned short int	2 Bytes	0 to 65,535
signed short int	2 Bytes	–32,768 to 32,767
long int	4 Bytes	–2,147,483,647 to 2,147,483,647
unsigned long int	4 Bytes	0 to 4,294,967,295
signed long int	4 Bytes	–2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647

sizeof इस keyword से int Data Types के size का पता करे |

Source Code :

#include <iostream.h>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    cout<<"int(16-bit) storage size: "<<sizeof(int)<<endl;
    cout<<"int(32-bit) storage size: "<<sizeof(int)<<endl;
    cout<<"int(64-bit) storage size: "<<sizeof(int)<<endl;
    cout<<"unsigned int storage size: "<<sizeof(unsigned int)<<endl;
    cout<<"short int storage size: "<<sizeof(short int)<<endl;
    cout<<"unsigned short int storage size: "<<sizeof(unsigned short int)<<endl;
    cout<<"signed short int storage size: "<<sizeof(signed short int)<<endl;
    cout<<"long int storage size: "<<sizeof(long int)<<endl;
    cout<<"unsigned long int storage size: "<<sizeof(unsigned long int)<<endl;
    cout<<"signed long int storage size: "<<sizeof(signed long int)<<endl;

return 0;
}

Output

int(16-bit) storage size: 2
int(32-bit) storage size: 4
int(64-bit) storage size: 8
unsigned int storage size: 4
short int storage size: 2
unsigned short int storage size: 2
signed short int storage size: 2
long int storage size: 4
unsigned long int storage size: 4
signed long int storage size: 4

2. char (Character)

• Character Data Type में variable को declare करने के 'char' keyword का इस्तेमाल करते है |
• सिर्फ एक ही character को declare कर सकते है | for eg. 'H'
• अगर multiple character मतलब पूरे एक string को print करना हो तो double quotes("") का इस्तेमाल करते है | for eg. char arr[10] = "Hello";
• Character Data Type 1 byte का होता है |

for eg.

#include <iostream.h>
using namespace std;

int main() {
char str1='H'; // declare varible in single quotes
//char str2[10]='Hello'; // Get Warning Error
char str3[10]="Hello";

    cout<<"Single quoted Print Character : "<<str1<<endl;
    //cout<<"Single quoted Print String : "<<str2<<endl; //Get Warning Error
    cout<<"Double quoted Print Character : "<<str3<<endl;

return 0;
}

Note : ऊपरवाला Program Warning Error देगा | User single quotes और double quotes के बिच का फर्क जानने के लिए ऊपरवाला Program दिया है |

Output

Single quoted Print Character : H
Double quoted Print Character : Hello

Character Data Types, Storage Size and Range

Data Types	Storage Size	Range
char	1 Byte	-128 to 127
unsigned char (16-bit)	1 Byte	0 to 255
signed char	1 Byte	--128 to 127

sizeof इस keyword से char Data Types के size का पता करे |

Source Code :

#include <iostream.h>
using namespace std;

int main(){

    cout<<"char storage size : "<<sizeof(char)<<endl;
    cout<<"unsigned char storage size : "<<sizeof(unsigned char)<<endl;
    cout<<"signed char storage size : "<<sizeof(signed char)<<endl;

return 0;
}

Output

char storage size : 1
unsigned char storage size : 1
signed char storage size : 1

3. float (Floating-point)

• Floating-point Data Type में variable को declare करने के 'float' keyword का इस्तेमाल करते है |
• Floating-pont Data Type 4 bytes का होता है | |

for eg.

#include <iostream.h>
using namespace std;

int main() {

float a=5, b=3.145;

    cout<<"Value of Float variable : "<<a<<endl;
    cout<<"Value of b : "<<b<<endl;

return 0;
}

Output

Value of Float variable : 5
Value of b : 3.145000

Floating-point Data Type, Storage Size and Range

Data Types	Storage Size	Range	Digits of Precision
float	4 Bytes	1.2E-38 to 3.4E+38	6

sizeof इस keyword से char Data Types के size का पता करे |

Source Code :

#include <iostream.h>
using namespace std;

int main() {

    cout<<"Floating-point Storage size : "<<sizeof(float);

return 0;
}

Output

Floating-point Storage size : 4

4. double

• Double Data Type में variable को declare करने के 'double' keyword का इस्तेमाल करते है |
• Double Data Type 8 bytes का होता है | |
• Double और Floating-point Data Type में कोई फर्क नहीं है |

for eg.

#include <iostream.h>
using namespace std;

int main() {

double a=5.45;

    cout<<"Value of Double variable : "<<a;

return 0;
}

Output

Value of Double variable : 5.45

Double Data Types, Storage Size and Range

Data Types	Storage Size	Range	Digits of Precision
double	8 Bytes	2.3E-308 to 1.7E+308	15
long double	10 Bytes	3.4E-4932 to 1.1E+4932	19

sizeof इस keyword से char Data Types के size का पता करे |

Source Code :

#include <iostream.h>
using namespace std;

int main() {

    cout<<"Double Storage size : "<<sizeof(double);

return 0;
}

Output

Double Storage size : 8

5. void

• void मतलब null value |
• void में कोई value नहीं होती |
• ये data type function और function के parameter / argument के लिए इस्तेमाल करते है |
• ये कोई value return नहीं करता |

for eg.

#include <iostream.h>
using namespace std;

void hello(void); // function with no return value and parameter
main()
{
hello();
}
void hello(void)
{
    cout<<"Hello World";
}

Output

Hello World

6. bool(Boolean)

• Boolean के लिए सिर्फ दो constant values होती है |
• अगर true होता है, तो 1 return किया जाता है और false होता है, तो 0 return किया जाता है |

for eg.

#include <iostream.h>
using namespace std;

int main(){

bool value = true;
    cout<<"value : "<<value<<endl;

value = false;
    cout<<"Changed value is "<<value;

return 0;
}

Output

value : 1
Changed value is 0

7. wchar_t(Wide character)

• wchar_t ये wide characters होते है |
• ये data type 2 bytes या 4 bytes का होता है |
• wchar_t ये Unicode के लिए इस्तेमाल किया जाता है |

for eg.

#include <iostream.h>
using namespace std;

int main(){

wchar_t str[] = L"Hello";;

    wcout << "Wide character value : "<<str<<endl; //wcout is used for wide stream(Unicode)
    cout << "Size of the wide char : " <<sizeof(wchar_t); //cout is used for standard stream(Unicode)  

return 0;
}

Output

Wide character value : Hello
Size of the wide char : 2